Os Itinerários do Consumo de Drogas nas Sociedades Ocidentais: Entre Mito Individual, Saga Urbana e Decadência Suburbana
Abstract
A utilização humana de substâncias psicoactivas tem um longo percurso histórico, em particular associada à dimensão ritual atribuída aos seus efeitos extáticos, calmantes ou estimulantes. Este carácter espiritual ou esta índole mágica inspira mitos de metamorfose que desafiam os limites materiais da natureza humana. Desde o começo do século XIX, a cultura ocidental, no entanto, passou a atribuir a este tipo de experiência a categoria de fenómeno social, marcando a transição destas práticas rituais para um locus urbano, industrial e mercantil crescentemente globalizado. Nesta crise mítica, o consumo de substâncias psicoactivas tende a expressar uma diversidade de gestos de sentido vago e humor híbrido, entre a rebeldia, a evasão, a cólera e a disforia. É, assim, importante traçar uma trajectória crítica e interdisciplinar da relação entre toxicodependência e meio social, revendo as teorias, modelos explicativos e intervenções pragmáticas mais significativas acerca deste tipo de condutas nos aglomerados urbanos da actualidade.
Itineraries of Drug Consumption in Western Societies: Between Individual Myth, Urban Saga, and Suburban Decadence
The human use of psychoactive substances has a long historical course, particularly associated to the ritual dimension attributed to their ecstatic, calming or stimulating effects. This spiritual character or this magical nature inspires metamorphosis myths that challenge the material limits of the human nature. Since the beginning of the xixth century, western culture, however, started attributing the category of social phenomenon to this type of experience, marking the transition of those ritual practices to an urban, industrial and mercantile locus in a growingly globalized transition. In this mythical crisis, the consumption of psychoactive substances tends to express a diversity of gestures of vague sense and hybrid humor, between rebellion, evasion, anger and dysphoria. So, it is important to underline a critical and interdisciplinary trajectory of the relationship between drug addiction and social environment, reviewing the theories, explicative models and pragmatic interventions which are more significant on those types of conducts in today’s urban agglomerations.
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